The journal requires all authors, editors, and reviewers to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that may influence the research, peer-review process, or publication decisions. Conflicts of interest may include financial, professional, institutional, personal, or academic relationships that could compromise objectivity and impartiality.
Authors must declare relevant conflicts of interest at the time of manuscript submission. Editors and reviewers must disclose any conflicts that may affect their impartiality and, where necessary, withdraw from the editorial or review process. All disclosed conflicts will be assessed and managed appropriately to ensure transparency, fairness, and integrity in scholarly publishing.