Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik terhadap Lung Impairment (Gangguan Fungsi Paru)
Abstract
E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices that are considered a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes. According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2021, the prevalence of e-cigarette use in Indonesia increased from 0.3% in 2011 to 3.0% in 2021, with 5.8% of men and 0.1% of women. E-cigarette use increases health risks such as addiction, poisoning, inhalation toxicity, and lung injury or EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury). The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of e-cigarette use on lung impairment. This study is a literature review. Literature selection was conducted through ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, with the keywords “e-cigarette” AND “lung impairment” AND “EVALI”. A total of 8 articles were selected in accordance with the research objectives and inclusion criteria set. The 8 selected articles showed the impact of e-cigarette use on lung impairment, causing alveolar injury, exogenous pneumonia, and bronchiolitis obliterans. E-cigarette use was also associated with reduced lung function, as indicated by bilateral Ground-Glass Opacities (GGO) on chest CT of EVALI patients. The previous studies presented in this article comprehensively illustrate the impact of e-cigarette use on lung impairment
References
Abilangga, E., Santosa, H. P., Nur, J., & Gono, S. (2021). Hubungan Terpaan Informasi Rokok Elektrik Lebih Aman 95% dari Rokok Konvensional dan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Rokok Elektrik dengan Minat. https://www.fisip.undip.ac.id
Alshareef, H. Z., & Omaye, S. T. (2021). Toxicology of Commonly Found Ingredients in E-Cigarettes: A Brief Review. Health, 13(11), 1396–1409. https://doi.org/10.4236/HEALTH.2021.1311100
Banks, E., Yazidjoglou, A., Brown, S., Nguyen, M., Martin, M., Beckwith, K., Daluwatta, A., Campbell, S., & Joshy, G. (2023). Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence. In Medical Journal of Australia (Vol. 218, Issue 6, pp. 267–275). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51890
Belkin, S., Benthien, J., Axt, P. N., Mohr, T., Mortensen, K., Weckmann, M., Drömann, D., & Franzen, K. F. (2023). Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119432
Central of Disease Control (CDC). (2020). Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products | Electronic Cigarettes | Smoking & Tobacco Use | CDC. Central of Disease Control (CDC). https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html
Chung, J. M. (2018). Exploring E-cigarettes: Ingredients, Health Effects, and Considerations for Use. Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal, 4(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.22191/BUUJ/4/1/9
De Marchis, M., Montemitro, E., Boni, A., Federici, A., Di Giovanni, D., Cristiani, L., Cutrera, R., & Fiocchi, A. G. (2024). Lung clearance index short-term variability in cystic fibrosis: a pre-post pulmonary exacerbation study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01574-w
DeVito, E. E., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2018). E-cigarettes: Impact of E-Liquid Components and Device Characteristics on Nicotine Exposure. Current Neuropharmacology, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666171016164430
Diva Widyantari, D., & Lestari, R. (2023). Dampak Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik (Vape) terhadap Risiko Penyakit Paru. Lombok Medical Journal, 2(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.29303/LMJ.V2I1.2477
Doukas, S. G., Kavali, L., Menon, R. S., Izotov, B. N., & Bukhari, A. (2020). E-cigarette or vaping induced lung injury: A case series and literature review. Toxicology Reports, 7, 1381–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.010
Eltorai, A. E. M., Choi, A. R., & Eltorai, A. S. (2019). Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Various Organ Systems. Respiratory Care, 64(3), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.4187/RESPCARE.06300
Esteban-Lopez, M., Perry, M. D., Garbinski, L. D., Manevski, M., Andre, M., Ceyhan, Y., Caobi, A., Paul, P., Lau, L. S., Ramelow, J., Owens, F., Souchak, J., Ales, E., & El-Hage, N. (2022). Health effects and known pathology associated with the use of E-cigarettes. In Toxicology Reports (Vol. 9, pp. 1357–1368). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.006
Fitri, I. C., Singh, G., & Amin, Z. (2021). Diagnosis Banding Ground Glass Opacities pada CT-Scan Toraks di Era Covid 19. In Indonesia Journal Chest | (Vol. 8, Issue 1).
Furkan, M., Sabri, Y. S., & Fitrina, D. W. (2023). TINJAUAN PUSTAKA E-Cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury. Majalah Kedokteran Andalas, 46(4), 699–712. http://jurnalmka.fk.unand.ac.id
Galo, J., Celli, D., Gross, D., Holt, G., & Campos, M. (2020). A presentation of E-Cigarette vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) caused by THC-Containing electronic smoking device. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101154
Garrido Márquez, I., Sánchez Torrente, A., & Pérez Cuenca, E. (2023). Pulmonary Disease Due to the Use of Electronic Cigarettes (EVALI): About a Case. Archivos de Bronconeumologia, 59(5), 324–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2022.12.009
Gordon, T., Karey, E., Rebuli, M. E., Escobar, Y. N. H., Jaspers, I., & Chen, L. C. (2022). E-Cigarette Toxicology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 62, 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-PHARMTOX-042921-084202
Graham, E., McCaig, L., Shui-Kei Lau, G., Tejura, A., Cao, A., Zuo, Y. Y., & Veldhuizen, R. (2022). E-cigarette aerosol exposure of pulmonary surfactant impairs its surface tension reducing function. PloS One, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0272475
Hamberger, E. S., & Halpern-Felsher, B. (2020). Vaping in adolescents: epidemiology and respiratory harm. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 32(3), 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000896
Hartnett, K. P., Kite-Powell, A., Patel, M. T., Haag, B. L., Sheppard, M. J., Dias, T. P., King, B. A., Melstrom, P. C., Ritchey, M. D., Stein, Z., Idaikkadar, N., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Rose, D. A., Briss, P. A., Layden, J. E., Rodgers, L., & Adjemian, J. (2020). Syndromic Surveillance for E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMSR1915313/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMSR1915313_DISCLOSURES.PDF
Hilton, S., Weishaar, H., Sweeting, H., Trevisan, F., & Katikireddi, S. V. (2016). E-cigarettes, a safer alternative for teenagers? A UK focus group study of teenagers’ views. BMJ Open, 6(11), e013271. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2016-013271
Kızıloğlu, H. A., Beyhan, M., & Gökçe, E. (2023). Evaluation of respiratory bronchiolitis nodules with maximum intensity projection images. Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 69(12). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20230297
Krüsemann, E. J. Z., Havermans, A., Pennings, J. L. A., De Graaf, K., Boesveldt, S., & Talhout, R. (2021). Comprehensive overview of common e-liquid ingredients and how they can be used to predict an e-liquid’s flavour category. Tobacco Control, 30(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1136/TOBACCOCONTROL-2019-055447
Kusuma, N., Pranata, R., Vania, R., & Budi Siswanto, B. (2017). Comparison of Roles between Alcohol Ablation and Surgical Myectomy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 38(2). https://www.escardio.
Kusuma, T. R. H., Sholihah, M. M., & Hanif, M. I. (2021). Gejala Gastrointestinal sebagai Faktor Prognostik Keparahan dan Kematian pada Pasien COVID-19: Sebuah Meta-Analisis Global. Smart Medical Journal, 4(3), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.13057/SMJ.V4I3.54584
Lee, W. H., Ong, S. G., Zhou, Y., Tian, L., Bae, H. R., Baker, N., Whitlatch, A., Mohammadi, L., Guo, H., Nadeau, K. C., Springer, M. L., Schick, S. F., Bhatnagar, A., & Wu, J. C. (2019). Modeling Cardiovascular Risks of E-Cigarettes With Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Endothelial Cells. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(21), 2722–2737. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2019.03.476
Marques, P., Piqueras, L., & Sanz, M. J. (2021). An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. In Respiratory Research (Vol. 22, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5
Mehra, N., Ali, A. H., & Desai, M. Y. (2023). Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of New Therapies. Future Cardiology, 19(13), 661–670. https://doi.org/10.2217/FCA-2023-0056
Michon, M., Mercier, C., Petit, C., Leclerc, L., Bertoletti, L., Pourchez, J., & Forest, V. (2022). In Vitro Biological Effects of E-Cigarette on the Cardiovascular System—Pro-Inflammatory Response Enhanced by the Presence of the Cinnamon Flavor. Toxics, 10(12), 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXICS10120784
Modi, P., & Cascella, M. (2023). Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556149/
Nyilas, S., Bauman, G., Korten, I., Pusterla, O., Singer, F., Ith, M., Groen, C., Schoeni, A., Heverhagen, J. T., Christe, A., Rodondi, N., Bieri, O., Geiser, T., Auer, R., Funke-Chambour, M., & Ebner, L. (2022). MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking. Radiology, 304(1), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.211327
Ohshimo, S., Guzman, J., Costabel, U., & Bonella, F. (2017). Differential diagnosis of granulomatous lung disease: Clues and pitfalls. European Respiratory Review, 26(145). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0012-2017
Patel, P. H., Antoine, M. H., Sankari, A., & Ullah, S. (2024). Bronchoalveolar Lavage. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430762/
Pioro, M. H. (2018). Primary Care Vasculitis: Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis. Primary Care, 45(2), 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POP.2018.02.007
Radzikowska, E., & Fijolek, J. (2023). Update on cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. In Frontiers in Medicine (Vol. 10). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1146782
Raghu, G., & Meyer, K. C. (2021). Cryptogenic organising pneumonia: Current understanding of an enigmatic lung disease. European Respiratory Review, 30(161). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0094-2021
Roman, S., Millet, C., Geris, S., Manickam, R., & Mechineni, A. (2021). Crazy vaping and crazy-paving, a case of E-Cigarette/Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with chest CT showing crazy-paving pattern. Radiology Case Reports, 16(11), 3208–3212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2021.07.058
Rusmini, H., Rafie, R., Sinaga, F., & Komar, S. A. (2020). Perbandingan Arus Puncak Ekspirasi Perokok Elektronik dan Perokok Konvensional pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati Tahun 2019. In Jurnal Dunia Kesmas (Vol. 9, Issue 3). Online. http://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/duniakesmas/index
Rüther, T., Kahnert, K., Mader, M., Rabenstein, A., Falkai, P., Fischer, E., Pogarell, O., & Jörres, R. A. (2021). Reduction of bronchial response to mannitol after partial switch from conventional tobacco to electronic cigarette consumption. Respiratory Medicine, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106324
Sala, M., & Gotti, C. (2023). Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): A convenient means of smoking? In Pharmacological Research (Vol. 195). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106885
Sari, F. V., & Wibowo, A. (2019). ANALISIS SENTIMEN PELANGGAN TOKO ONLINE JD.ID MENGGUNAKAN METODE NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER BERBASIS KONVERSI IKON EMOSI. Jurnal SIMETRIS, 10(2).
Seiler-Ramadas, R., Sandner, I., Haider, S., Grabovac, I., & Dorner, T. E. (2021). Health effects of electronic cigarette (e cigarette) use on organ systems and its implications for public health. In Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift (Vol. 133, Issues 19–20, pp. 1020–1027). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01711-z
Sejati, U., & Nurbaiti. (2021). Literatur Review: Analisa Teknik Pemeriksaan CT-Scan Thorax pada Kasus Terkonfirmasi Positif Covid-19. Koncenin Serial Konferensi. https://publikasi.kocenin.com/
Sidarta, A. L., & Rasmin, M. (2024). Memahami Penyakit Paru Interstisial: Pengenalan Dini pada Layanan Kesehatan Primer. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 51(4), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.55175/CDK.V51I4.1092
Sverrild, A., Leadbetter, J., & Porsbjerg, C. (2021). The use of the mannitol test as an outcome measure in asthma intervention studies: a review and practical recommendations. In Respiratory Research (Vol. 22, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-021-01876-9
Tehrani, H., Rajabi, A., Ghelichi- Ghojogh, M., Nejatian, M., & Jafari, A. (2022). The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In Archives of Public Health (Vol. 80, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00998-w
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). 2019 GYTS Fact Sheet Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2019-gyts-fact-sheet-indonesia
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). 2021 GATS Fact Sheet Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/2021-gats-fact-sheet-indonesia
Xu, L., Yang, Y., Simien, J. M., Kang, C., Li, G., Xu, X., Haglund, E., Sun, R., & Zuo, Y. Y. (2022). Menthol in electronic cigarettes causes biophysical inhibition of pulmonary surfactant. American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 323(2), L165–L177. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPLUNG.00015.2022/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/AJPLUNG.00015.2022_F006.JPEG
Yang, S., Wu, S., Xu, J., Lin, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, X., Xu, Q., Chen, D., & Lu, C. (2023). The effect of therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage in combination with glucocorticoids on children with acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Clinical Respiratory Journal, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13575