Apakah Kesetaraan Gender , Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Kewirausahaan Dan Pelatihan Berpengaruh Terhadap Pembangunan Desa Ramah Perempuan Dan Peduli Anak?
Keywords:
gender equality, women empowerment, entrepreneurship training, successful development of women-friendly and child-caring villages
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the influence of gender equality and women's empowerment and their influence on entrepreneurship training and the successful development of women-friendly and child-caring villages. The research subjects are women entrepreneurs in Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. This research is quantitative research with an associative research approach. The research population is woman entrepreneurs in Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. The research sample was determined by non-probability sampling as many as 95 people. For data analysis, Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was conducted with the Partial Least Square / SEM-PLS approach. The results showed that gender equality and women's empowerment had a significant effect on entrepreneurship training. Gender equality and entrepreneurship training have a significant effect on the success of women-friendly and child-caring village development. Meanwhile, women's empowerment does not significantly affect the success of women-friendly and child-caring village development.
References
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Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2006). Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs and their Businesses: A Global Research Perspective. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-2790.
Bullough, A., De Luque, M. S., Abdelzaher, D., & Heim, W. (2015). Developing women leaders through entrepreneurship education and training. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(2), 250–270. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0169.
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Bushra, A., & Wajiha, N. (2015). Assessing the Socio-economic Determinants of Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177(July 2014), 3–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.321.
Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review to Outline the Boundaries of Scientific Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(July), 1–18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01557.
Chant, S., & Sweetman, C. (2012). Fixing women or fixing the world? ‘Smart economics’, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in development. Gender and Development, 20(3), 517–529. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.731812.
Cooper, D. R., & Emory, C. W. (1995). Business Research Methods. 5th edition. Chicago: Chica Richard D. Irwin.
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management; 16th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson Education.
Direktorat Analisis dan Pengembangan Statistik. (2021). Kajian Penghitungan Indeks Ketimpangan Gender 2021. Jakarta: BPS RI.
Doepke, M., & Tertilt, M. (2019). Does female empowerment promote economic development? Journal of Economic Growth, 24(4), 309–343. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-019-09172-4.
Dowling, J. M., & Yap, C. F. (2008). Indonesian economic development: Mirage or miracle? Journal of Asian Economics, 19(5–6), 474–485. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.09.012.
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Ferreras-Garcia, R., Hernández-Lara, A. B., & Serradell-López, E. (2021). Gender and learning results: a study on their relationship in entrepreneurship education and business plans. Studies in Higher Education, 46(11), 2355–2370. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1723525.
Foilyani, F. H., Idris, A., & Swasto, B. (2009). Pemberdayaan perempuan perdesaan dalam pembangunan. Wacana Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 12(3), 592–608.
Gyamfi, G. (2014). Evaluating Entrepreneurship Education as a Tool for Economic Growth: The Ghanaian Experience. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4(3), 318–335. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2014/5857.
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Hasan, S. M., Khan, E. A., & Nabi, M. N. U. (2017). Entrepreneurial Education at University Level and Entrepreneurship Development. Education + Training, 59(7/8), 888–906. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/et-01-2016-0020.
Hubeis, V. A. S. (2010). Pemberdayaan Perempuan dari Masa ke Masa. Bogor: PT. Penerbit IPB Press.
Indardi. (2016). Komunikasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Bandung: UNPAD PRESS.
Jaquette, J. S. (2017). Women/Gender and Development: the Growing Gap Between Theory and Practice. Studies in Comparative International Development, 52(2), 242–260. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-017-9248-8.
Johansen, V. (2013). Entrepreneurship education and start-up activity: A gender perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 216–231. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261311328864.
Kabeer, N. (2020). Women’s Empowerment and Economic Development: A Feminist Critique of Storytelling Practices in “Randomista” Economics. Feminist Economics, 26(2), 1–26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1743338.
Kain, P., & Sharma, M. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship education need for today. Journal of Management Sciences And Technology, 1(1), 43–53.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak. (2021). Panduan Fasilitasi Desa Ramah Perempuan dan Peduli Anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak.
Köhlin, G., Sills, E. O., Pattanayak, S. K., & Wilfong, C. (2012). Energy , Gender and Development What are the Linkages ? Where is the Evidence ? Policy Research Working Paper, 5800(September 2011).
López-Claros, A., & Zahidi, S. (2005). Womens empowerment: measuring the global gender gap.
Mandal, K. C. (2013). Concept and Types of Women Empowerment. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 9(2), 17–30. Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/1999october/comm1.php.
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Martoyo. (2019). Isu-isu Pembangunan Teori dan Praktik. Semarang: Sarana Gracia.
Mayoux, L. (2005). Women’s empowerment through sustainable micro-finance. Organizational Gender Training, (December), 1–46.
Mcmullan, W. E., & Long, W. A. (1987). Entrepreneurship education in the nineties. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 261–275. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90013-9.
Mehra, R. (1997). Women, Empowerment, and Economic Developlment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 554(1), 136–149. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716297554001009.
Mirjana, R.-M. (2016). Empowering Employment of Women and Marginalized People Through Entrepreneurship Education in Serbia. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, 5(2), 3–17.
Nitisastro, W. (2011). The Indonesian Development Experience: A Collection of Writings and Speeches of Widjojo Nitisastro. Pasir Panjang: ISEAS Publishing.
Panigrahi, A. K., & Joshi, V. (2015). Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Development: An Indian Perspective. 2015 Conference Proceedings of Eleventh Biennial Conference Conducted by Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, 1–17. Retrieved from www.tie.org.
Petridou, E., Sarri, A., & Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions: the gender dimension. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(4), 286–309.
Prasetyo, A. D., & Sonny, E. (2020). The Analysis of Determinants of Developing Village Index in Indonesia. The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 13(2), 158–172. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2020.13.2.5.
Purnomo, A. (2021). Pemberdayaan Kelompok Usaha Perempuan Desa Karangmekar Melalui Women Empowerement dan Social Media Marketing. Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. Retrieved from http://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/dinamisia/article/view/4057.
Radović-Marković, M., Edwin Lindgren, C., Grozdanić, P., Marković, D., & Salamzadeh, A. (n.d.). Freedom, Individuality and Women`s Entrepreneurship Education, 1–6. Retrieved from http://apps.webofknowledge.com/OutboundService.do?action=go&displayCitedRefs=true&displayTimesCited=true&displayUsageInfo=true&viewType=fullRe…1/1Electroniccopyavailableat:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2164216
Rehman, H., Moazzam, A., & Ansari, N. (2015). Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(1), 107–125.
Rudhumbu, N., du Plessis, E. (Elize), & Maphosa, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Botswana: revisiting the role of entrepreneurship education. Journal of International Education in Business, 13(2), 183–201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-12-2019-0058.
Santos, S. C., Neumeyer, X., & Morris, M. H. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(S1), 6–32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12485.
Saragi, N. B. (2021). Indonesia’s Village Fund Program: Does It Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Jurnal Bina Praja, 13, 65–80. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21787/jpb.13.2021.65-80.
Shetty, S. S., & Hans, V. B. (2015). Role of Education in Women Empowerment and Development: Issues and Impact. SAMPRATHI 2015 National Seminar on Education for Building People’s Capacity towards Sustainable Development, September, 10–17. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2665898.
Shetty, S. S., & Hans, V. B. (2019). Education for Skill Development and Women Empowerment, 365(7), 61. Retrieved from www.eprawisdom.com.
Siagian, S. P. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suyono. (2018). Analisis Regresi untuk Penelitian. Sleman: Deepublish.
Tambunan, T. (2009). Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries : Their development and main constraints. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 27–40. Retrieved from All Papers/T/Tambunan 2009 - Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries - Their development and main constraints.pdf.
Tarlani, & Sirajuddin, T. (2020). Rural development strategies in Indonesia: Managing villages to achieve sustainable development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012066.
Umar, H. (2003). Riset Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Organisasi. Edisi revisi. Cetakan Kelima. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
van Ewijk, A. R., & Belghiti-Mahut, S. (2019). Context, gender and entrepreneurial intentions: How entrepreneurship education changes the equation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 75–98. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-05-2018-0054.
von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 76(1), 90–112. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.015.
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.1810100203.
Ananda, C. F. (2017). Pembangunan ekonomi daerah dinamika dan strategi pembangunan. Malang: UB Press.
Bebbington, A., Dharmawan, L., Fahmi, E., & Guggenheim, S. (2006). Local Capacity, Village Governance, and the Political Economy of Rural Development in Indonesia. World Development, 34(11), 1958–1976. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.025.
Brush, C. G., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E. J., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2006). Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs and their Businesses: A Global Research Perspective. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-2790.
Bullough, A., De Luque, M. S., Abdelzaher, D., & Heim, W. (2015). Developing women leaders through entrepreneurship education and training. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(2), 250–270. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0169.
Bureau for Gender Equality and International Labour Standards Department. (2012). Gender equality and decent work : selected ILO Conventions and Recommendations that promote gender equality as of 2012. Geneva: ILO.
Bushra, A., & Wajiha, N. (2015). Assessing the Socio-economic Determinants of Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177(July 2014), 3–8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.321.
Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review to Outline the Boundaries of Scientific Literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(July), 1–18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01557.
Chant, S., & Sweetman, C. (2012). Fixing women or fixing the world? ‘Smart economics’, efficiency approaches, and gender equality in development. Gender and Development, 20(3), 517–529. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2012.731812.
Cooper, D. R., & Emory, C. W. (1995). Business Research Methods. 5th edition. Chicago: Chica Richard D. Irwin.
Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management; 16th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson Education.
Direktorat Analisis dan Pengembangan Statistik. (2021). Kajian Penghitungan Indeks Ketimpangan Gender 2021. Jakarta: BPS RI.
Doepke, M., & Tertilt, M. (2019). Does female empowerment promote economic development? Journal of Economic Growth, 24(4), 309–343. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-019-09172-4.
Dowling, J. M., & Yap, C. F. (2008). Indonesian economic development: Mirage or miracle? Journal of Asian Economics, 19(5–6), 474–485. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.09.012.
Ediagbonya, K. (2013). The Roles of Entrepreneurship Education in Ensuring Economic Empowerment and Development Ediagbonya, Kennedy. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 4(1), 35–46.
Ferreras-Garcia, R., Hernández-Lara, A. B., & Serradell-López, E. (2021). Gender and learning results: a study on their relationship in entrepreneurship education and business plans. Studies in Higher Education, 46(11), 2355–2370. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1723525.
Foilyani, F. H., Idris, A., & Swasto, B. (2009). Pemberdayaan perempuan perdesaan dalam pembangunan. Wacana Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 12(3), 592–608.
Gyamfi, G. (2014). Evaluating Entrepreneurship Education as a Tool for Economic Growth: The Ghanaian Experience. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4(3), 318–335. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2014/5857.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). United Kingdom: Cengage Learning.
Hartati, S. (2020). Gender dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Hasan, S. M., Khan, E. A., & Nabi, M. N. U. (2017). Entrepreneurial Education at University Level and Entrepreneurship Development. Education + Training, 59(7/8), 888–906. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/et-01-2016-0020.
Hubeis, V. A. S. (2010). Pemberdayaan Perempuan dari Masa ke Masa. Bogor: PT. Penerbit IPB Press.
Indardi. (2016). Komunikasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Bandung: UNPAD PRESS.
Jaquette, J. S. (2017). Women/Gender and Development: the Growing Gap Between Theory and Practice. Studies in Comparative International Development, 52(2), 242–260. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-017-9248-8.
Johansen, V. (2013). Entrepreneurship education and start-up activity: A gender perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 216–231. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261311328864.
Kabeer, N. (2020). Women’s Empowerment and Economic Development: A Feminist Critique of Storytelling Practices in “Randomista” Economics. Feminist Economics, 26(2), 1–26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1743338.
Kain, P., & Sharma, M. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship education need for today. Journal of Management Sciences And Technology, 1(1), 43–53.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak. (2021). Panduan Fasilitasi Desa Ramah Perempuan dan Peduli Anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak.
Köhlin, G., Sills, E. O., Pattanayak, S. K., & Wilfong, C. (2012). Energy , Gender and Development What are the Linkages ? Where is the Evidence ? Policy Research Working Paper, 5800(September 2011).
López-Claros, A., & Zahidi, S. (2005). Womens empowerment: measuring the global gender gap.
Mandal, K. C. (2013). Concept and Types of Women Empowerment. International Forum of Teaching and Studies, 9(2), 17–30. Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/1999october/comm1.php.
Mangkunegara, A. P. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Martoyo. (2019). Isu-isu Pembangunan Teori dan Praktik. Semarang: Sarana Gracia.
Mayoux, L. (2005). Women’s empowerment through sustainable micro-finance. Organizational Gender Training, (December), 1–46.
Mcmullan, W. E., & Long, W. A. (1987). Entrepreneurship education in the nineties. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 261–275. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(87)90013-9.
Mehra, R. (1997). Women, Empowerment, and Economic Developlment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 554(1), 136–149. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716297554001009.
Mirjana, R.-M. (2016). Empowering Employment of Women and Marginalized People Through Entrepreneurship Education in Serbia. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, 5(2), 3–17.
Nitisastro, W. (2011). The Indonesian Development Experience: A Collection of Writings and Speeches of Widjojo Nitisastro. Pasir Panjang: ISEAS Publishing.
Panigrahi, A. K., & Joshi, V. (2015). Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Development: An Indian Perspective. 2015 Conference Proceedings of Eleventh Biennial Conference Conducted by Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, 1–17. Retrieved from www.tie.org.
Petridou, E., Sarri, A., & Kyrgidou, L. P. (2009). Entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions: the gender dimension. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(4), 286–309.
Prasetyo, A. D., & Sonny, E. (2020). The Analysis of Determinants of Developing Village Index in Indonesia. The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 13(2), 158–172. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2020.13.2.5.
Purnomo, A. (2021). Pemberdayaan Kelompok Usaha Perempuan Desa Karangmekar Melalui Women Empowerement dan Social Media Marketing. Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. Retrieved from http://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/dinamisia/article/view/4057.
Radović-Marković, M., Edwin Lindgren, C., Grozdanić, P., Marković, D., & Salamzadeh, A. (n.d.). Freedom, Individuality and Women`s Entrepreneurship Education, 1–6. Retrieved from http://apps.webofknowledge.com/OutboundService.do?action=go&displayCitedRefs=true&displayTimesCited=true&displayUsageInfo=true&viewType=fullRe…1/1Electroniccopyavailableat:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2164216
Rehman, H., Moazzam, A., & Ansari, N. (2015). Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 30(1), 107–125.
Rudhumbu, N., du Plessis, E. (Elize), & Maphosa, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for women entrepreneurs in Botswana: revisiting the role of entrepreneurship education. Journal of International Education in Business, 13(2), 183–201. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-12-2019-0058.
Santos, S. C., Neumeyer, X., & Morris, M. H. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(S1), 6–32. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12485.
Saragi, N. B. (2021). Indonesia’s Village Fund Program: Does It Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Jurnal Bina Praja, 13, 65–80. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21787/jpb.13.2021.65-80.
Shetty, S. S., & Hans, V. B. (2015). Role of Education in Women Empowerment and Development: Issues and Impact. SAMPRATHI 2015 National Seminar on Education for Building People’s Capacity towards Sustainable Development, September, 10–17. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2665898.
Shetty, S. S., & Hans, V. B. (2019). Education for Skill Development and Women Empowerment, 365(7), 61. Retrieved from www.eprawisdom.com.
Siagian, S. P. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suyono. (2018). Analisis Regresi untuk Penelitian. Sleman: Deepublish.
Tambunan, T. (2009). Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries : Their development and main constraints. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 27–40. Retrieved from All Papers/T/Tambunan 2009 - Women entrepreneurship in Asian developing countries - Their development and main constraints.pdf.
Tarlani, & Sirajuddin, T. (2020). Rural development strategies in Indonesia: Managing villages to achieve sustainable development. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012066.
Umar, H. (2003). Riset Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Organisasi. Edisi revisi. Cetakan Kelima. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
van Ewijk, A. R., & Belghiti-Mahut, S. (2019). Context, gender and entrepreneurial intentions: How entrepreneurship education changes the equation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 11(1), 75–98. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-05-2018-0054.
von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 76(1), 90–112. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.02.015.
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.1810100203.
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