PENGARUH EFISIENSI MODAL INTELEKTUAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI MODERASI
Keywords:
Company Performance, Intellectual Capital, Company Size
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on the performance of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the moderation of company size. The research focuses on the use of quantitative data, including the annual reports of companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2022. The sample was collected using purposive sampling method, comprising a total of 166 company samples. The analytical methods employed include classic assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using the F-test (for overall influence) and the t-test (for partial influence) at a significance level of 0.05. The results of this study reveal an insignificant relationship between intellectual capital (MVAIC) and company performance (ROA) as well as company size gives insignificant to the relationship. This finding provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the Indonesian stock market and companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in managing their intellectual capital.
References
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Affes, H & Boujelbene, M. (2013). The impact of intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity capital : A case of French firms. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science. Vol 18, No 34.
Agostini, L., Nosella, A., & Filippini, R. (2017). Does intellectual capital allow improving innovation performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(2), 400–418.
Ali, S., Murtaza, G., Hedvicakova, M., Jiang, J., & Naeem, M. (2022). Intellectual capital and financial performance: A comparative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967820
Astuti, R. N., Fachrurrozie, F., Amal, M. I., & Zahra, S. F. (2020). Does audit committee quality mediate determinants of intellectual capital disclosure? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.199
Aybars, A., & Oner, M. (2022). The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance and value: An application of MVAIC on firms listed in Borsa Istanbul. Gazi Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.1.004
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(2), 625–641.
Buallay, A., Hamdan, A. M., Reyad, S., Badawi, S., & Madbouly, A. (2020). The efficiency of GCC banks: the role of intellectual capital. European Business Review, 32(3), 383–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-04-2019-0053
Brigham, Eugene F. Dan J.F. Houston. 2010. Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi 11. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Chandra, B., & Agnes. (2021). Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada perusahaan di indonesia. Akuntabel, 18(3), 399. http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/AKUNTABEL
Choiriyah, C., Fatimah, F., Agustina, S., & Ulfa, U. (2021). The Effect Of Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, Earning Per Share, And Operating Profit Margin On Stock Prices Of Banking Companies In Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Finance Research, 1(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijfr.v1i2.280
Chowdhury, L. A. M., Rana, T., Akter, M., & Hoque, M. (2018). Impact of intellectual capital on financial performance: evidence from the Bangladeshi textile sector. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 14(4), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-11-2017-0109
Corvino, A., Caputo, F., Pironti, M., Doni, F., & Bianchi Martini, S. (2019). The moderating effect of firm size on relational capital and firm performance: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(4), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-03-2019-0044
Curado, C., Guedes, M. J., & Bontis, N. (2014). The Financial Crisis of Banks (Before, During and After): An Intellectual Capital Perspective. Knowledge and Process Management, 21(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1434
Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M.S. (1998). Intellectual capital. The proven way to establish your company’s real value by measuring its hidden brainpower. London, United Kingdom: Judy Piatkus Limited
Wirianata, H. V. (2021). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Dan Leverage terhadap Financial Performance dengan Moderasi Firm Size. Jurnal Ekonomi, 26(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v26i3.797
Krisyadi, R., & Laurence, L. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Perusahaan terhadap Modal Intelektual pada Perusahaan Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Global Financial Accounting Journal, 5(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v5i2.6082
Mardani, R. M. (2013). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI). El Muhasaba: Jurnal Akuntansi, 2(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18860/em.v2i2.2363
Sari, M. A., & Masdupi, E. (2021). The Influence of Intelektual Capital on Financial Perfomance with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable. Financial Management Studies, X(X), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24036/j
Mohammad, H. S., & Bujang, I. (2019). Firms’ Size as a Contingency Approach in the Relationships of Intellectual Capital, Capital Structure and Financial Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i3/5676
Mohammad, H. S., & Bujang, I. (2019). Performance of Malaysian financial firms: An intellectual capital perspective using MVAIC model. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(7), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.97.752.765
Nadeem, M., Dumay, J., & Massaro, M. (2019). If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital. Australian Accounting Review, 29(2), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12227
Naimah, Z., & Mukti, N. A. (2019). The influence of audit committee’s and company’s characteristic on intellectual capital disclosure. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0036
Natalia, M., Maimunah, M. (2020). Pengaruh IC Terhadap Financial Performance Perusahaan (Perusahaan Manufaktur Food and Beverage 2018-2020 ). 1, 209–217.
Nazir, M. I., Tan, Y., & Nazir, M. R. (2021). Intellectual capital performance in the financial sector: Evidence from China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(4), 6089–6109. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2110
Nimtrakoon, S. (2015). The relationship between intellectual capital, firms’ market value and financial performance: Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 587–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-09-2014-0104
Nugraha, G. A., Priyatama, T., Masita, T. E., Sumantri, P. E., & Wijaya, M. (2021). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Parameter, 6(1), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.37751/parameter.v6i1.241
Nurhayati, E., Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, U., Arifin, B., & Mulyasari, W. (2019). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan di Industri Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan Competitive Advantage Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Vol. 14, Issue 1).
Ousama, A. A., Hammami, H., & Abdulkarim, M. (2020). The association between intellectual capital and financial performance in the Islamic banking industry: An analysis of the GCC banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2016-0073
Poh, L. T., Kilicman, A., & Ibrahim, S. N. I. (2018). On intellectual capital and financial performances of banks in Malaysia. Cogent Economics and Finance, 6(1), 0–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1453574
Prima, A. P. (2018). Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Perbankan Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akrab Juara, 3(1), 184–203.
Purnama, S. R., Andi, K., & Agustina, Y. (2016). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dan Nilai Pasar (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2010-2014. Inovasi Dan Pembangunan - Jurnal Kelitbangan, 04(03), 293–310.
Purwaningrat, P. A., dan Oktarini, L. N. (2020). Efektifkah Firm Size Memoderasi Hubungan antara Intellectual Capital dengan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. JUIMA (Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen), 10(1), 11–21.
Putri, C. S. A., & Nurfauziah, N. (2019). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital dan Pengungkapannya terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen Indonesia, 2(4), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v2i4.107
Rahajeng, D. K., & Hasibuan, N. Z. (2020). Does Intellectual Capital Matter? A Case Study of Indonesia Sharia Banks. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 23(02). https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.475
Rahman, M. M., Sobhan, R., & Islam, M. S. (2020). The impact of intellectual capital disclosure on firm performance: Empirical evidence from pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.119
Raphaela, T. dan T. W. M. (2022). Keuangan Perusahaan. Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.33508/jima.v11i1.3909
Rochmadhona, B. N., Suganda, T. R., & Cahyadi, S. (2018). The Competitive Advantage between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banking Sector in ASEAN. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(2), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2.2060
Saddam, S. Z., Jaafar, M. N., Ahmad, I., & Abd Rahman, N. H. (2021). The Nexus between Intellectual Capital and Firm’s Financial Performance: ACE Market Vantage Point. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10200
Singh, S., Sidhu, J., Joshi, M., & Kansal, M. (2016). Measuring intellectual capital performance of Indian banks: A public and private sector comparison. Managerial Finance, 42, 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-08-2014-0211
Thakur, S.V., & Thakur, V. S. (2017). Intellectual Capital: Its Effect on Financial Performance of Indian Public and Private Sector Banks.
Nimtrakoon, S. (2015). Intellectual capital, firms’ market The relationship between value and financial performance Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 16(3), 587–618.
Tiwari, R., Vidyarthi, H., & Kumar, A. (2023). Nexus between Intellectual Capital and Bank Productivity in India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010054
Ulum, I., Harviana, R. R., Zubaidah, S., & Jati, A. W. (2019). Intellectual capital disclosure and prospective student interest: an Indonesian perspectives. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1707041
Ur Rehman, A., Aslam, E., & Iqbal, A. (2022). Intellectual capital efficiency and bank performance: Evidence from islamic banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.02.004
Vadivel, T., Murugesan, S., Pavithran, A., & Jayapal, G. (2019). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on Firms Performance of Indian Automobile Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3S3), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c1057.1183s319
Vasconcelos, T., Forte, D., & Basso, L. F. C. (2019). The impact of intangibles of German, English and Portuguese companies: From 1999 to 2016. Revista de Administracao Mackenzie, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMF190164
Wernerfelt. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal.
Xu, J., Haris, M., & Irfan, M. (2022). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Bank Profitability during COVID-19: A Comparison with China and Pakistan. Complexity, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/211519
Abualoush, S., Masa’deh, R., Bataineh, K., & Alrowwad, A. (2018). The role of knowledge management process and intellectual capital as intermediary variables between knowledge management infrastructure and organization performance. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 13, 279–309. https://doi.org/10.28945/4088
Affes, H & Boujelbene, M. (2013). The impact of intellectual capital disclosure on cost of equity capital : A case of French firms. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science. Vol 18, No 34.
Agostini, L., Nosella, A., & Filippini, R. (2017). Does intellectual capital allow improving innovation performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18(2), 400–418.
Ali, S., Murtaza, G., Hedvicakova, M., Jiang, J., & Naeem, M. (2022). Intellectual capital and financial performance: A comparative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967820
Astuti, R. N., Fachrurrozie, F., Amal, M. I., & Zahra, S. F. (2020). Does audit committee quality mediate determinants of intellectual capital disclosure? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no7.199
Aybars, A., & Oner, M. (2022). The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance and value: An application of MVAIC on firms listed in Borsa Istanbul. Gazi Journal of Economics and Business, 8(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2022.8.1.004
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(2), 625–641.
Buallay, A., Hamdan, A. M., Reyad, S., Badawi, S., & Madbouly, A. (2020). The efficiency of GCC banks: the role of intellectual capital. European Business Review, 32(3), 383–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-04-2019-0053
Brigham, Eugene F. Dan J.F. Houston. 2010. Dasar-Dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Edisi 11. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Chandra, B., & Agnes. (2021). Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada perusahaan di indonesia. Akuntabel, 18(3), 399. http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/AKUNTABEL
Choiriyah, C., Fatimah, F., Agustina, S., & Ulfa, U. (2021). The Effect Of Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Net Profit Margin, Earning Per Share, And Operating Profit Margin On Stock Prices Of Banking Companies In Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Finance Research, 1(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijfr.v1i2.280
Chowdhury, L. A. M., Rana, T., Akter, M., & Hoque, M. (2018). Impact of intellectual capital on financial performance: evidence from the Bangladeshi textile sector. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 14(4), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-11-2017-0109
Corvino, A., Caputo, F., Pironti, M., Doni, F., & Bianchi Martini, S. (2019). The moderating effect of firm size on relational capital and firm performance: Evidence from Europe. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(4), 510–532. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-03-2019-0044
Curado, C., Guedes, M. J., & Bontis, N. (2014). The Financial Crisis of Banks (Before, During and After): An Intellectual Capital Perspective. Knowledge and Process Management, 21(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1434
Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M.S. (1998). Intellectual capital. The proven way to establish your company’s real value by measuring its hidden brainpower. London, United Kingdom: Judy Piatkus Limited
Wirianata, H. V. (2021). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Dan Leverage terhadap Financial Performance dengan Moderasi Firm Size. Jurnal Ekonomi, 26(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v26i3.797
Krisyadi, R., & Laurence, L. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Perusahaan terhadap Modal Intelektual pada Perusahaan Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Global Financial Accounting Journal, 5(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v5i2.6082
Mardani, R. M. (2013). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI). El Muhasaba: Jurnal Akuntansi, 2(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18860/em.v2i2.2363
Sari, M. A., & Masdupi, E. (2021). The Influence of Intelektual Capital on Financial Perfomance with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable. Financial Management Studies, X(X), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24036/j
Mohammad, H. S., & Bujang, I. (2019). Firms’ Size as a Contingency Approach in the Relationships of Intellectual Capital, Capital Structure and Financial Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i3/5676
Mohammad, H. S., & Bujang, I. (2019). Performance of Malaysian financial firms: An intellectual capital perspective using MVAIC model. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 9(7), 752–765. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2019.97.752.765
Nadeem, M., Dumay, J., & Massaro, M. (2019). If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital. Australian Accounting Review, 29(2), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12227
Naimah, Z., & Mukti, N. A. (2019). The influence of audit committee’s and company’s characteristic on intellectual capital disclosure. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0036
Natalia, M., Maimunah, M. (2020). Pengaruh IC Terhadap Financial Performance Perusahaan (Perusahaan Manufaktur Food and Beverage 2018-2020 ). 1, 209–217.
Nazir, M. I., Tan, Y., & Nazir, M. R. (2021). Intellectual capital performance in the financial sector: Evidence from China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(4), 6089–6109. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2110
Nimtrakoon, S. (2015). The relationship between intellectual capital, firms’ market value and financial performance: Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(3), 587–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-09-2014-0104
Nugraha, G. A., Priyatama, T., Masita, T. E., Sumantri, P. E., & Wijaya, M. (2021). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Parameter, 6(1), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.37751/parameter.v6i1.241
Nurhayati, E., Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, U., Arifin, B., & Mulyasari, W. (2019). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan di Industri Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan Competitive Advantage Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Vol. 14, Issue 1).
Ousama, A. A., Hammami, H., & Abdulkarim, M. (2020). The association between intellectual capital and financial performance in the Islamic banking industry: An analysis of the GCC banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2016-0073
Poh, L. T., Kilicman, A., & Ibrahim, S. N. I. (2018). On intellectual capital and financial performances of banks in Malaysia. Cogent Economics and Finance, 6(1), 0–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1453574
Prima, A. P. (2018). Pengaruh Modal Intelektual Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Perbankan Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Akrab Juara, 3(1), 184–203.
Purnama, S. R., Andi, K., & Agustina, Y. (2016). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dan Nilai Pasar (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Tahun 2010-2014. Inovasi Dan Pembangunan - Jurnal Kelitbangan, 04(03), 293–310.
Purwaningrat, P. A., dan Oktarini, L. N. (2020). Efektifkah Firm Size Memoderasi Hubungan antara Intellectual Capital dengan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. JUIMA (Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen), 10(1), 11–21.
Putri, C. S. A., & Nurfauziah, N. (2019). Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, Rate of Growth of Intellectual Capital dan Pengungkapannya terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen Indonesia, 2(4), 486–504. https://doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v2i4.107
Rahajeng, D. K., & Hasibuan, N. Z. (2020). Does Intellectual Capital Matter? A Case Study of Indonesia Sharia Banks. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 23(02). https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.475
Rahman, M. M., Sobhan, R., & Islam, M. S. (2020). The impact of intellectual capital disclosure on firm performance: Empirical evidence from pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no2.119
Raphaela, T. dan T. W. M. (2022). Keuangan Perusahaan. Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, 11(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.33508/jima.v11i1.3909
Rochmadhona, B. N., Suganda, T. R., & Cahyadi, S. (2018). The Competitive Advantage between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banking Sector in ASEAN. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 22(2), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2.2060
Saddam, S. Z., Jaafar, M. N., Ahmad, I., & Abd Rahman, N. H. (2021). The Nexus between Intellectual Capital and Firm’s Financial Performance: ACE Market Vantage Point. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v10-i3/10200
Singh, S., Sidhu, J., Joshi, M., & Kansal, M. (2016). Measuring intellectual capital performance of Indian banks: A public and private sector comparison. Managerial Finance, 42, 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-08-2014-0211
Thakur, S.V., & Thakur, V. S. (2017). Intellectual Capital: Its Effect on Financial Performance of Indian Public and Private Sector Banks.
Nimtrakoon, S. (2015). Intellectual capital, firms’ market The relationship between value and financial performance Empirical evidence from the ASEAN. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 16(3), 587–618.
Tiwari, R., Vidyarthi, H., & Kumar, A. (2023). Nexus between Intellectual Capital and Bank Productivity in India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010054
Ulum, I., Harviana, R. R., Zubaidah, S., & Jati, A. W. (2019). Intellectual capital disclosure and prospective student interest: an Indonesian perspectives. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1707041
Ur Rehman, A., Aslam, E., & Iqbal, A. (2022). Intellectual capital efficiency and bank performance: Evidence from islamic banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.02.004
Vadivel, T., Murugesan, S., Pavithran, A., & Jayapal, G. (2019). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on Firms Performance of Indian Automobile Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3S3), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c1057.1183s319
Vasconcelos, T., Forte, D., & Basso, L. F. C. (2019). The impact of intangibles of German, English and Portuguese companies: From 1999 to 2016. Revista de Administracao Mackenzie, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMF190164
Wernerfelt. 1984. A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal.
Xu, J., Haris, M., & Irfan, M. (2022). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Bank Profitability during COVID-19: A Comparison with China and Pakistan. Complexity, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/211519
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2024-03-31
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